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Next.js SSR khác SPA ở đâu trên K8s: Dockerfile standalone, HOSTNAME=0.0.0.0, startupProbe, ISR cache không chia sẻ giữa Pod. Rồi Ingress cho nhiều app theo path hoặc subdomain, cạm bẫy base path và Module Federation.
So sánh EC2, ECS Fargate, Lambda, App Runner và Amplify Hosting; ba kiểu render CSR/SSG/SSR lên AWS thế nào; bốn con đường deploy Next.js kèm Dockerfile chạy được; và ba kiến trúc tham chiếu từ SPA tĩnh tới SSR.
Service worker trong Next.js/Astro/Angular, runtime caching cho API có auth & token refresh, hàng đợi analytics offline, feature flag & kill switch, và khi nào KHÔNG nên dùng service worker. Tổng kết 20 phần.
Chạy React Query trên server: prefetch rồi truyền cache xuống client bằng dehydrate + HydrationBoundary, dùng QueryClient đúng cách trong React Server Components, và streaming data với gói next-experimental.
Ship like a senior: performance budgets and bundle analysis, testing with Vitest and Playwright, deploying to Vercel and self-hosting with Docker (standalone output), debugging with the Next Devtools MCP, and a capstone project.
Authenticate properly in the App Router: sessions vs JWTs, secure httpOnly cookies, a Data Access Layer, protecting pages and Server Actions, proxy.ts for redirects, and the security headers and practices every app needs.
Control how pages render (static, dynamic, PPR), generate metadata and OG images, ship sitemaps and robots, and use the built-in optimizations: next/image, next/font, and next/script — for fast, discoverable pages.
Build HTTP endpoints with route.ts, work with the async cookies() and headers(), stream responses, pick Node vs Edge runtime, handle webhooks and CORS, and use proxy.ts — the renamed middleware in Next.js 16.
Mutate data without API routes: Server Actions with "use server", progressive-enhancement forms, useActionState and useFormStatus, optimistic UI with useOptimistic, zod validation, and revalidating after a write.
Use the browser deliberately: when to add "use client", the server-to-client boundary and bundle cost, composition patterns, hydration, and using the URL as state with useRouter, usePathname, and useSearchParams.
The headline feature of Next.js 16: Cache Components. Enable cacheComponents, use the "use cache" directive, control TTL with cacheLife, invalidate with cacheTag + revalidateTag/updateTag, and ship instant pages with PPR.
Fetch data the App Router way: async Server Components, avoiding request waterfalls with parallel fetching, streaming slow parts with Suspense, the server/client data handoff, and the dynamic-by-default model of Next.js 16.
Master App Router routing: dynamic and catch-all segments, route groups, parallel and intercepting routes, layouts vs templates, loading/error/not-found, generateStaticParams, and the async params/searchParams of Next.js 16.
Start Next.js 16 from zero: what the framework really is, install it with Turbopack, understand the App Router file conventions, and grasp the single most important idea — Server Components by default. With exercises.
A comprehensive bilingual guide covering rendering, routing, caching in Next.js across versions 14, 15, and 16. Written in English with inline Vietnamese translations for language learners.